First-Generation SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Comparative Analysis between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Hospitalized Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, which have emerged due to several mutations in spike protein, have a potential to escape immune protection provided by the first-generation vaccines, thereby resulting in breakthrough infections. Objective To identify the socio-demographic factors, clinical features, and outcomes in both vaccinated and unvaccinated hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Method Socio-demographic details, clinical features, and the outcomes among fully vaccinated (double for Covishield/AstraZeneca and BBIBP-CorV and single for Janssen), partially vaccinated, and unvaccinated hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Result Among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n=299), 175 (58.5%) patients received a single-dose, 82 (27.4%) double-dose, and 124 (41.5%) did not receive any dose of the COVID-19 vaccines. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection when compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients was found to be associated among professional degree holders (23.4% versus 9.7%) (p<0.05), professional workers (43.4% vs. 25.0%) (p<0.05), hospitalization to general ward (76.6% vs. 72.6%) (p<0.05), and presence of multiple symptoms (> or equel 3) (86.8% vs. 75.0%) (p>0.05) and comorbidities (> or equal 2) (15.5% vs. 13.7%) (p>0.05). Despite such approximate incidences, the risk of in-hospital mortality among the vaccinated patients was reduced (0.6% vs. 3.2%) (p>0.05), when compared to the unvaccinated patients. The risk of in-hospital mortality was associated with the older age and the presence of multiple comorbidities including bronchial asthma, diabetes, and hypertension. Conclusion Full or partial vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns might be effective in preventing in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients.

Study of personality factors in attempted suicide.

BACKGROUND: Suicidal attempt is becoming a major problem in the world, as it affects the person's career, life style, and family dynamics. Comorbid personality disorders are a risk factors for suicidal behavior. The aim of this study was to determine the various personality factors involved in attempted suicide. METHODS: This is a descriptive study. This study was carried out in the patients, who attempted suicide, who were admitted in the wards of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital during 1st January 2010 to 30th July 2010. The 16-PF scale was used in all the subjects. RESULTS: Total 46 cases were studied. Six (13%) subjects were seen as having "schizothymic" traits. Sixteen(34.8%) of the subjects were seen as having low intelligent traits. Total 14 (30.4%) were seen as having affected by feelings. Seven (15.2%)were seen as having humble traits. Fifteen (32.6%) were seen as having sober traits and there are no cases of happy-go-lucky. Three (6.5%) were seen as having expedient. Eight (17.4%) were seen as having shy traits and there are no cases seen of venturesome traits. Total 14 (30.4%) were seen as having tough-minded traits. Eight (17.4%) were seen as having suspicious personality traits while nine(19.6%) were seen as having practical personality traits. Ten (21.7%) were seen as having shrewd personality traits. Total 17 (37.0%) were seen as having apprehensive personality traits. Twelve (26.1%) were seen as having experimenting personality traits and 6 (13.0%) were seen having group dependent personality traits. Among the patients, 10 (21.7%) were seen having undisciplined personality traits. Seven (15.2%) were seen having relaxed personality traits. Total 12 (23.1%)were seen having extroversion traits. Six (13.0%) were seen having low anxiety traits. Ten (21.7%) were seen having tender-minded emotionality personality traits. Seven (15.2%) were seen having subduedness personality traits. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the importance of personality factors in attempted suicide and these factors are at risk in attempting suicide, therefore, which can be implemented in prevention of suicide.

Monthly pattern of psychiatric morbidity and duration of stay among the patients admitted in Mental Hospital, a central level tertiary care hospital.

Psychiatric morbidity is a major public health problem in the world across developed and developing countries. There is a paucity of Nepalese studies on psychiatric morbidity. All the patients who were admitted in mental hospital, Lagankhel from 17th July 2009 to 16th July 2010 were included in this study. Information on their Socio-demographic profiles and hospital diagnosis was extracted from their clinical notes. Eight hundred and fifty two patients were included in this study. Fifty eight percent were males. More than sixty percent of the patients were aged between 21 and 40 years. Sixty patients were married. In terms of ICD 10 diagnosis, the most common diagnoses were Schizophrenia in 427 (50.1%), mood disorders in 286 (33.5%) and substance use disorder in 80 (9.3%). In terms of length of stay, majority of them (56.4%) had stayed for 0-14 days. Thus, there is a need to increase the awareness in the general public regarding the impact of mental illness and the need for timely treatment.